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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">【实战篇——第四章】Vue2.5入门到实战开发去哪儿网App——Vue组件</h1>
        

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        <p>本专题为Vue2.5的入门和实战的视频学习笔记，学习视频来自：<br>入门视频：《vue2.5入门》 <a href="http://www.imooc.com/learn/980" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.imooc.com/learn/980</a><br>实战视频：《Vue2.5开发去哪儿网App 从零基础入门到实战项目》 <a href="https://coding.imooc.com/class/chapter/203.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://coding.imooc.com/class/chapter/203.html</a></p>
<p>本文为实战篇的第四章，主要讲解Vue组件</p>
<p>本文对应官网文档地址：<a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/</a></p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="使用组件的细节点"><a href="#使用组件的细节点" class="headerlink" title="使用组件的细节点"></a>使用组件的细节点</h2><h3 id="使用is属性解决模板标签的bug"><a href="#使用is属性解决模板标签的bug" class="headerlink" title="使用is属性解决模板标签的bug"></a>使用is属性解决模板标签的bug</h3><p>如下的bug是由于html5规范要求tbody标签中只能出现tr标签导致：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190924163436146.jpg" alt="标签错位的bug"></p>
<p>解决办法：使用is属性解决模板标签的bug</p>
<blockquote>
<p>总结：因为html5规范，在替换tr、li、ol、option标签展示时，建议使用is属性来指明组件<br>is属性： 指明tr标签的真实组件是row</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190924164843872.jpg" alt="使用is属性解决模板标签的bug"></p>
<h3 id="组件的data属性"><a href="#组件的data属性" class="headerlink" title="组件的data属性"></a>组件的data属性</h3><ol>
<li>非根组件的data属性，必须是一个函数，不能是一个对象；因为这个组件可能会被调用多次，为防止组件之间的数据冲突，来解决作用域独立</li>
<li>只有根组件的data属性，才可以是一个对象属性</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素"><a href="#通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素" class="headerlink" title="通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素"></a>通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素</h3><p><strong>在Vue中，通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>this.$refs 表示Vue实例中的所有引用；通过this.$refs.ref可以获取Dom元素或者组件</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190924172622119.jpg" alt="通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom"></p>
<h2 id="父子组件间的数据传递"><a href="#父子组件间的数据传递" class="headerlink" title="父子组件间的数据传递"></a>父子组件间的数据传递</h2><h3 id="父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性"><a href="#父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性" class="headerlink" title="父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性"></a>父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性</h3><ol>
<li>父组件通过在子组件上的:content属性(或content属性)向子组件中传值</li>
<li>在子组件中定义props属性来接收参数值</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925054712549.jpg" alt="父组件向子组件传递值"></p>
<p><strong>注意：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>a. 通过:content属性传递的是具体类型的变量值；通过content属性传递的是字符串类型<br>b. 单向数据流： 父组件可以随意向子组件传递数据，但是子组件不可以修改父组件传递过来的值，只能在父组件中修改这个参数值。因为怕子组件修改了父组件的数据对其他子组件造成影响</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如下图这种子组件修改父组件传递过来的参数值的行为是不被允许的：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925055418853.jpg" alt="子组件修改父组件传递过来的参数值"></p>
<p>那子组件想要使用父组件传递过来的参数并修改这个参数，需要在子组件中通过赋值一个副本，然后操作这个副本来解决这个问题，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925055857756.jpg" alt="子组件如何使用父组件传递过来的参数值"></p>
<h3 id="子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件"><a href="#子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件" class="headerlink" title="子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件"></a>子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件</h3><ol>
<li>在子组件中执行this.$emit(eventName, params)来通知父组件触发的事件和传递的参数</li>
<li>通过在子组件上绑定eventName事件，父组件监听该事件并在处理方法上接收参数值</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925061126935.jpg" alt="子组件向父组件传递值"></p>
<h2 id="组件参数校验与非-props-特性"><a href="#组件参数校验与非-props-特性" class="headerlink" title="组件参数校验与非 props 特性"></a>组件参数校验与非 props 特性</h2><h3 id="组件参数校验"><a href="#组件参数校验" class="headerlink" title="组件参数校验"></a>组件参数校验</h3><blockquote>
<p>组件参数校验: 子组件有权约束限制父组件传递过来的参数值————通过在子组件上的props：{} 来限定</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925061615366.jpg" alt="组件参数校验"><br><img src="/blog/images/20190925061747836.jpg" alt="组件参数校验"></p>
<p>参数校验的复杂用法如下：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925062544815.jpg" alt="参数校验的复杂用法"></p>
<h3 id="非-props-特性-使用场景较少"><a href="#非-props-特性-使用场景较少" class="headerlink" title="非 props 特性(使用场景较少)"></a>非 props 特性(使用场景较少)</h3><blockquote>
<p>非 props 特性: 父组件通过属性向子组件传递参数，但子组件没有定义props属性来接收父组件的参数值</p>
</blockquote>
<p>非 props 特性的特点： 子组件无法接受和使用父组件传递过来的参数值； 子组件的属性会显示在子组件的dom元素上(如下图)；<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925063151832.jpg" alt="子组件的属性会显示在子组件的dom元素上"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>props 特性: 父组件通过属性向子组件传递参数，并且子组件定义props属性来接收父组件的参数值</p>
</blockquote>
<p>props 特性的特点： 子组件可以接受和使用父组件传递过来的参数值； 子组件的属性不会显示在子组件的dom元素上(如下图)；<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925063610009.jpg" alt="子组件的属性不会显示在子组件的dom元素上"></p>
<h2 id="给子组件绑定原生事件"><a href="#给子组件绑定原生事件" class="headerlink" title="给子组件绑定原生事件"></a>给子组件绑定原生事件</h2><ol>
<li><p>直接在子组件上绑定的事件是自定义事件； 点击子组件是无法触发这个自定义事件，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925144408403.jpg" alt="点击组件是无法触发这个自定义事件"></p>
</li>
<li><p>在子组件模板的div元素上绑定的事件才是原生事件，点击子组件可以触发原生事件，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925144811874.jpg" alt="点击子组件可以触发原生事件"></p>
</li>
<li><p>想要触发绑定到子组件上的自定义事件，必须在子组件中通过this.$emit()来触发，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925145024157.jpg" alt="通过this.$emit()来触发自定义事件"></p>
</li>
<li><p>上述第3条的实现方式比较复杂，还可以通过.native修饰符声明子组件上的事件为原生事件，实现触发绑定到子组件上的事件<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925143735026.jpg" alt="通过.native修饰符声明事件为原生事件"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>总结：实现触发绑定到子组件上的事件有两种方法<br>a. 在子组件中通过this.$emit()来触发自定义事件<br>b. 通过.native修饰符声明子组件上的事件为原生事件</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="非父子组件间的传值"><a href="#非父子组件间的传值" class="headerlink" title="非父子组件间的传值"></a>非父子组件间的传值</h2><ol>
<li><p>一个网页，都可以抽象为由多个页面组件构成，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925150030087.jpg" alt="页面组件化"></p>
</li>
<li><p>上图中的1和3组件、3和3组件之间如何通信呢？</p>
<blockquote>
<p>两种方式：通过Vuex进行非父子组件之间通信；使用发布订阅模式(观察者模式/Bus总线机制)来解决非父子组件之间通信</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925151628249.jpg" alt="使用Bus总线机制实现非父子组件之间通信"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：使用到mounted钩子函数；因为this将要发生变化，所以需要用this_ = this来保存this的旧引用</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="在Vue中使用插槽"><a href="#在Vue中使用插槽" class="headerlink" title="在Vue中使用插槽"></a>在Vue中使用插槽</h2><blockquote>
<p>插槽： 向子组件传递DOM</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="一个插槽的用法"><a href="#一个插槽的用法" class="headerlink" title="一个插槽的用法"></a>一个插槽的用法</h3><blockquote>
<p>插槽的使用场景： 当子组件的内容是由父组件传递的内容来决定显示</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>传统方式： 父组件通过属性向子组件传递DOM<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925154145846.jpg" alt="父组件直接向子组件传递内容"><br>缺点：引入多余的div元素；代码可读性下降；</p>
</li>
<li><p>通过插槽实现向子组件传递DOM</p>
<blockquote>
<p>插槽的用法：1. 在子组件中编写dom内容；2. 在子组件的模板中使用slot标签来替换在子组件中编写的DOM</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925154915131.jpg" alt="一个插槽的用法"></p>
<h3 id="多个插槽的用法————具名插槽"><a href="#多个插槽的用法————具名插槽" class="headerlink" title="多个插槽的用法————具名插槽"></a>多个插槽的用法————具名插槽</h3><p>使用多个插槽，如果不指明插槽名称，就会出现如下的错误效果：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925162400430.jpg" alt="多个插槽的用法"></p>
<p>解决办法是使用具名插槽，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925162906151.jpg" alt="具名插槽的用法"></p>
<h2 id="作用域插槽"><a href="#作用域插槽" class="headerlink" title="作用域插槽"></a>作用域插槽</h2><blockquote>
<p>作用域插槽： 必须是由template标签包裹的内容；通过slot-scope来接收传递过来的参数并使用它<br>作用域插槽的使用场景：当子组件某一部分是循环的内容，或者是由外部传入时才能决定其显示样式</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925165315821.jpg" alt="作用域插槽"></p>
<h2 id="动态组件与-v-once-指令"><a href="#动态组件与-v-once-指令" class="headerlink" title="动态组件与 v-once 指令"></a>动态组件与 v-once 指令</h2><ol>
<li><p>通过v-if指令实现组件的切换显示效果，如下图：<br><img src="/blog/images/20190925170113614.jpg" alt="实现组件的切换显示效果"></p>
</li>
<li><p>通过动态组件实现组件的切换显示效果，如下图：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>component组件时Vue内置的动态组件；通过其:is属性来判断要显示的组件;<br>当type为”child-one”时，则显示child-one组件；当type为”child-two”时，在显示chlid-two组件，从而显示组件切换效果</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925170419965.jpg" alt="实现组件的切换显示效果"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>v-once 指令： 在内存中保存组件的静态数据，不再进行销毁和创建，提升性能。<br>使用component动态组件时，Vue内部会创建和销毁组件来实现显示和隐藏效果，但这种方式性能不好；<br>如果组件的内容一样，则使用v-once指令，组件会被存放到内存中，不会再被销毁和创建，提升了性能</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="/blog/images/20190925171452030.jpg" alt="v-once 指令"></p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#使用组件的细节点"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">使用组件的细节点</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#使用is属性解决模板标签的bug"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">使用is属性解决模板标签的bug</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#组件的data属性"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">组件的data属性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">通过ref引用来获取并操作Dom元素</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#父子组件间的数据传递"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">父子组件间的数据传递</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">父组件向子组件传递值——通过属性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">子组件向父组件传递值——通过事件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#组件参数校验与非-props-特性"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">组件参数校验与非 props 特性</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#组件参数校验"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">组件参数校验</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#非-props-特性-使用场景较少"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">非 props 特性(使用场景较少)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#给子组件绑定原生事件"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">给子组件绑定原生事件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#非父子组件间的传值"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">非父子组件间的传值</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#在Vue中使用插槽"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">在Vue中使用插槽</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#一个插槽的用法"><span class="nav-number">6.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">一个插槽的用法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#多个插槽的用法————具名插槽"><span class="nav-number">6.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">多个插槽的用法————具名插槽</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#作用域插槽"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">作用域插槽</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#动态组件与-v-once-指令"><span class="nav-number">8.</span> <span class="nav-text">动态组件与 v-once 指令</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
  </script>





  

  

  

  
  

  

  

  

</body>
</html>
